It is difficult to do an estimation of prevalence of mango allergy due to differences in study populations (latex allergy, pollen allergy, food allergy, fruit allergy, etc.), differences in dietary habits, geographical areas, or differences in diagnostic procedures. Prevalence data are based on different diagnostic procedures. While the prevalence of sensitization can be estimated by SPT, RAST, and immunoblot, a clinical relevant sensitization (allergy) is evaluated by convincing history or food challenge tests (ideally by DBPCFC).
1.1 Subjects with Atopic or Other Diseases
| Country / Subjects | Allergy / Sensitization | References | ||||||||||||
| France, Paris
a) 24 patients with latex and pollen allergy b) 20 patients with latex allergy (no pollen allergy) c) 25 patients with pollen allergy (no latex allergy) |
|
Levy et al. 2000 | ||||||||||||
| France, Pierre Benite
60 cases of anaphylaxis (study period 1984-92) |
mango 6.7% | Andre et al. 1994 | ||||||||||||
| Germany
136 latex allergic patients |
mango 18% (RAST)
mango 2.9% (self-reported) |
Brehler et al. 1997 | ||||||||||||
| Mexico
71 atopic subjects with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (age of 14-40 years) |
mango pollen 66% (skin test) | Vargas Correa et al. 1991 | ||||||||||||
| Switzerland, Zurich
31 patients with "celery-mugwort-spice syndrome" |
mango 23% (clinical history) | Wüthrich & Hofer 1984 | ||||||||||||
| Switzerland, Zurich
402 food allergic adults (study period 1978-87) |
mango 0.7% (clinical history, diagnostic tests) | Wüthrich 1993 | ||||||||||||
| Switzerland, Zurich
383 food allergic patients (study period 1990-94) |
mango 0.3% (clinical history, diagnostic tests) | Etesamifar & Wüthrich 1998 | ||||||||||||
| Thailand, Bangkok
100 patients with allergic rhinitis (age of 10-59 years, mean 28 years) |
mango pollen 16% (SPT) | Pumhirun et al. 1997 |
1.2 Prevalence of Associated Allergies
| Country / Subjects | Sensitization / Allergy | References | ||||||||||||||||||
| Germany, Hamburg
9 mango fruit sensitive patients |
|
Paschke et al. 2001a |
| Symptoms & Case Reports | References |
| Systemic reactions
anaphylaxis (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10), collapse (9) Symptoms of skin and mucous membranes
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Respiratory symptoms
Other symptoms
|
(1) Kahn 1942
(2) Rubin et al. 1965 (3) Dang & Bell 1967 (4) Miell et al. 1988 (5) Jansen et al. 1992 (6) Armentia et al. 1994 (7) Kivity et al. 1994 (8) Goritsa et al. 1998 (9) Henzgen et al. 1998 (10) Duque et al. 1999 (11) Paschke et al. 2001a (12) Paschke et al. 2001b |
| Onset of Symptoms
Onset of symptoms within a few minutes to 1 h after ingestion (6 mango allergic patients) (1) |
(1) Henzgen et al. 1998 |
3 Diagnostic Features of Mango Allergy
| Parameters / Subjects | Outcome | References |
| Gender of Patients
52 mango sensitive patients (18 to 63 years of age) |
52% of patients were male | Paschke et al. 2001b |
| IgE and Clinical Relevance
4 latex allergic patients with self-reported mango intolerance |
Mango specific IgE (RAST):
Sensitivity 0.0% Specificity 82% |
Brehler et al. 1997 |
| IgE and Clinical Relevance
9 patients with specific serum IgE against mango and birch pollen, mugwort pollen, celery, and carrot |
5 patients had clinical symptoms after ingestion of mango; 1 patient showed no symptoms and 3 patients had never eaten mango | Paschke et al. 2001a |
| SPT, IgE, Immunoblotting
6 mango and mugwort pollen allergic patients (all female, age of 22-48 years) |
All patients were positive in prick-to-prick test with fresh fruits; specific IgE was detectable in only 1 serum by RAST and in 2 sera by SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting | Henzgen et al. 1998 |
| Proteins / Glycoproteins | Allergen Nomenclature | References |
| 40-kDa Allergen [pI 4.6 and 4.8] | Man i 1 * | Paschke et al. 2001b |
| 30-kDa Allergen [pI 4.9] | Man i 2 * | Paschke et al. 2001b |
| 46 kDa Allergen (Putative chitinase) | Diaz-Perales et al. 1999 | |
| Allergens: 15 kDa (double band), and 38 kDa | Goritsa et al. 1998 | |
| Allergens: 15, 45, and 94 kDa | Henzgen et al. 1998 | |
| Allergens: 14, 30, 40, 43, and 67 kDa | Kinder et al. 1999, Paschke et al. 2001a |
5.1 Sensitization to Mango Allergens
| Country / Subjects | Sensitization to | References | ||||||||||||||||||
| Germany, Hamburg
52 mango fruit sensitive patients |
|
Paschke et al. 2001b |
| Extract / Purified Allergens | Methods | References |
| Protein extract | Fresh fruit homogenized in acetone (-40°C), precipitates washed, filtered, lyophylized and water extracted | Paschke et al. 2001b
(described by Möller et al. 1997a) |
| Cross-Reacting Allergens | Subjects / Methods | References |
| Mango: (fruits, vegetables,
pollen)
apple, celery, and birch and mugwort pollen |
Inhibition of IgE binding to 15 kDa mango allergen by
apple, celery, and pollen extracts
(immunoblot inhibition, 1 patient) |
Henzgen et al. 1998 |
| Mango: (vegetables, pollen)
mugwort pollen, birch pollen, Bet v 1, celery, and carrot |
EAST inhibition
Inhibition of IgE binding to mango extract by carrot (maximum inhibition 80%), celery, birch pollen, mugwort pollen (all approximately 50-60%), and Bet v 1 (28%); IgE binding to celery, carrot, and mugwort pollen by mango extract was 83%, 73%, and 58% maximum inhibiton, respectively Immunoblot inhibition
|
Paschke et al. 2001a |
| Mango (46 kDa allergen):
(fruits)
avocado allergen (Prs a 1, chitinase class I), latex extract |
Pooled serum from latex- fruit allergic patients: Inhibition of IgE- binding to 46-kDa mango allergen by Prs a 1 from avocado and by latex extract (immunoblot inhibition) | Diaz-Perales et al. 1999 |
| Mango: (pollen)
birch pollen allergen 35 kDa |
3 Sera from birch pollen allergic patients reactive to 35 kDa allergen: 79% to 97% inhibition of IgE binding to mango extract by birch pollen extract, 69% to 93% by 35 kDa birch allergen, and no inhibition (<15%) by Bet v 1 from birch pollen (EAST inhibition) | Wellhausen et al. 1996 |
| Mango: (latex)
latex |
a) 4 and b) 5 latex allergic patients with mango sensitivity: a) 100% inhibition of IgE binding to mango allergens by latex extract; b) 9.4-46% inhibition (mean 31%) of IgE binding to latex extract by mango allergens (RAST inhibition) | Brehler et al. 1997 |
| Mango Seed: (nuts)
pistachio |
2 patients with pistachio allergy: significant inhibition of IgE binding to pistachio extract by mango seed, no significant inhibition by mango pulp (RAST inhibition) | Fernandez et al. 1995 |
8 Stability of Mango Allergens and Food
Processing
| Treatment / Ripening | Effects | References |
| Mango (Ripening)
storage of fruits for 5, 12, 21, 35, and 40 days after harvesting |
No significant differences in allergenic potencies of mango fruits of different maturities (EAST inhibition, immunoblot inhibition) | Paschke et al. 2001b |
9 Allergenicity of Different Mango Varieties
| Varieties / Subjects | Differences | References |
| 4 Mango Strains
Mango strains: Eden, Ngowe, Osteen and Tommy Atkins; 7 mango sensitive patients |
No significant differences in allergenic potency among the 4 mango strains (EAST inhibition, immunoblot inhibition) | Kinder et al. 1999 |
| Reported Adverse Reactions | References |
| Food / Food additives
After ingestion of fresh fruits (1) |
(1) see 2 Symptoms of Mango Allergy |