Dietary Management
Ernährung und Allergie
|
Dietary Management |
|
Ernährung und Allergie |
|
| Allergen Data Collection - Update:
Apple (Malus domestica) ............................................ Authors in alphabetical order [contact
information]
|
Abstract
The prevalence of apple allergy is most frequently associated with
birch pollinosis in Northern Europe and North America. 40 to 90 % of birch
pollen allergic patients are sensitized to apples. There is evidence for
the predominant sensitization route by birch pollen allergens. Apple is
known as one of the major foods involved in so-called "Oral Allergy Syndrome",
which presents IgE-mediated symptoms occurring mainly at the mucosa of
lips, tongue and throat after ingestion of apples and other fruits. Systemic
reactions including anaphylaxis occur more frequently in apple allergic
patients without related pollinosis.
There are differences in the allergenic potencies of different apple
varieties and ripening stages of the fruits. Peels are more allergenic
than pulps. The pollen related allergens are unstable to conventional processing
of the fruits like canning, pulping or heating, therefore adverse reactions
occur almost exclusively after ingestion of fresh fruits. Due to the labile
nature of apple allergens diagnostic accuracy is highly dependent on the
quality of extracts used in testing procedures.
Up to now four groups of cross-reactive allergens have been recognized
in Rosaceae fruits (e.g. apple, apricot, cherry, pear, peach, and plum):
1. Pathogenisis related proteins like the major apple allergen Mal d 1,
which are homologue to Bet-v-1 from birch pollen. 2. Glycoproteins in the
range of 30-70 kDa, including a 35 kDa allergen cross-reactive to birch
pollen and a 60 kDa allergen cross-reactive to mugwort pollen. 3. Actin-regulating
profilins of appr. 14 kDa acting as panallergens. 4. Lipid-transfer proteins,
which seem to be relevant in a smaller subpopulation of apple allergic
individuals without birch pollinosis (9 kDa apple allergen Mal d 3). Lipid-transfer
proteins are thought to be potentially stable allergens. Furthermore a
thaumatin-homologue allergen, Mal d 2, has been characterized.
The present data collection reviews detailed information on the
prevalence and symptoms of apple allergy as well as cross-reactivities,
and molecular biological and allergenic properties of the major apple allergens
in tabular form.
Disclaimer
The reference lists of the Allergen Data Collections
are based mainly on searches of Medline and FSTA (Food Science & Technology
Abstracts) databases up to the related dates of publication. The scientific
rigor of the studies listed is variable and not subject of critique or
evaluation by the authors or the editor of the Allergen Data Collections.
The reader should be aware of considerable problems in comparing data from
different studies (eg. patient cohorts, diagnostic performances, possible
flaws in allergen preparations and methodologies for allergen characterization)
and is encouraged to review the original publications.
The information provided by the Internet Symposium on
Food Allergens is for educational, communication and information purposes
only and is not intended to replace or constitute medical advice or treatments.
Neither the authors nor the editorial board of the Internet Symposium on
Food Allergens are responsible for use which might be made of the information.
 |
home: www.food-allergens.de |